“HDS” is the abbreviation for “Hot Delivery Service”, meaning the fast delivery service based on punctual departure, arrival and picking of goods. “SHDS” is the abbreviation for “Super Hot Delivery Service”. Since the start of this century, fast delivery service had emerged in near-sea shipping line between China and Japan. “HDS” and “SHDS” started to be used to refer to the delivery service ever since and gradually became accepted as a common term used by all parties.
However a Japanese-invested company secretly filed an application of trademark registration regarding “HDS” and ”SHDS” with the Trademark Bureau of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, in an attempt to take the commonly used term for its own. After the Trademark Bureau accepted its application, the company claimed that it had obtained the exclusive right to the two terms and the other companies were banned from using them. Jinjiang Shipping is one of the major companies in the industry, whose business would be severely affected if not allowed to use “HDS “ and ”SHDS”. Therefore, Mr. Yang was engaged to file a trademark opposition with the Trademark Bureau.
Mr. Yang guided and assisted Jinjiang Shipping in the collection of evidence proving that a large number of shipping operators with itself included had long used “HDS” as a common term and that the government, industry association and the media had acknowledged it as the common term for fast delivery service. Evidence was also provided to prove that foreign government and media also accept ‘HDS’ as a common term. Therefore, the “HDS” as applied was a common term used in the industry as an abbreviation of “Hot Delivery Service”. The application shall be denied on the ground that it lacked distinctiveness. Mr. Yang further pointed out in the statement of trademark opposition that the registration category within which the trademark application was filed was the same as “HDS” which was used as a common term. If the trademark was successfully registered and used, the interest of the whole shipping industry as well as the opponent would be damaged. Since the application of “SHDS” is similar to “HDS”, it shall also be denied.
After hearing the case, Trademark Bureau held that “HDS” was the abbreviation of “Hot Delivery Service”, used by the shipping industry as a common term. The trademark under application therefore lacked distinctiveness. According to Clause 2 Article 11 and Article 33 of the Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China, the application was denied. But the application of “SHSD” was sustained, which might be because this case was examined by another official and relied on the result of examination on “HDS”.
Jinjiang Shipping therefore engaged Mr. Yang to file a review application with the Trademark Review Committee , in which it was emphasized that “HDS” was a common term lacking distinctiveness and whose application was denied. “SHDS” was similar to “HDS”. If allowed to be registered, the operators in the industry would be faced with tremendous legal barriers and suffer great loss. Therefore, it shall be denied. The Trademark Review Committee held that “SHDS” was used in shipping business, connoting that the service had a common term and could not distinguish the source of the service provided. The application was therefore denied.
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杨春宝一级律师简介
杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多常见法律问题
行业通用名称为何不能注册为商标?
第一段:根据商标法律原则,商标的核心功能是区分商品或服务的来源,使消费者能够通过标识识别提供者。若某一名称已成为特定行业中对某类商品或服务的通用称谓,则该名称无法起到区分来源的作用,即缺乏显著特征。显著特征是商标获准注册的基本条件,缺乏显著特征的标志不得作为商标注册,这是为了维护公平竞争和公共资源不被独占。第二段:本文所涉案例中,HDS是Hot Delivery Service的缩写,自本世纪初起在中日近海航运的快运服务中被广泛使用,已成为航运经营者、政府机构、行业协会及媒体公认的通用术语。日本投资公司将该通用术语申请为商标,意图独占使用,严重威胁行业其他经营者的正常经营。锦江航运通过提交大量证据证明HDS的通用属性,商标局据此认定申请商标缺乏显著特征,驳回了注册申请,体现了通用名称不可垄断的规则。第三段:实务中,企业若遇他人抢注本行业通用名称,应系统收集该名称在行业内的长期使用证据,包括合同、提单、船期公告、行业出版物、政府文件、媒体新闻报道等,并争取行业协会或政府主管部门出具认可性文件。同时,应准备该名称反映服务内容而非来源的说明,从显著性和公共使用角度提出异议,有效维护行业整体利益。
商标异议程序中如何有效举证通用名称?
第一段:商标异议是阻止不当商标注册的重要程序,主张系争商标为通用名称时,举证责任在异议人。核心举证方向包括:证明该名称在相关行业中被普遍使用且不具有指向特定主体的功能,需提供使用的时间跨度、使用主体数量、使用方式以及行业认知等证据。法律并不要求绝对排除所有使用,而是综合判断是否已通用化。第二段:本文案例中,锦江航运在杨先生指导下,收集了包括本公司及大量航运经营者的长期使用记录,证明HDS作为快速交货服务缩写的普遍性;同时获得政府、行业协会和媒体的认可证据,并引用外国政府和媒体对该术语的通用接受情况,形成了多层次证据链。商标局审理后认定HDS为行业通用术语,申请商标缺乏显著性,从而支持了异议。这一过程展示了从内部使用到外部公认的完整举证模式。第三段:实务提示,举证时应注意证据的公开性、持续性和行业影响力。例如,船期表、运价公告、行业协会会议纪要、海关或港口管理文件等,均能有效佐证通用属性。此外,应区分通用名称与描述性标志的关系,证明该名称直接反映了服务特点如快速交货,而非暗示服务来源。提交异议书时,需将证据与法律分析紧密关联,使审查机关形成系统性认知。
关联商标被部分驳回后如何通过复审获得全面保护?
第一段:商标审查实践中,同一申请人就近似或关联用语提出多个商标申请时,审查结果可能出现差异。当其中一个标志被认定为通用名称而驳回,另一个标志却获准初步审定,当事人可通过复审程序纠正不一致的审查结论。复审程序由商标评审机构独立审理,重点在于重新审查系争商标是否具备可注册性。第二段:本文案例中,HDS商标因缺乏显著性被驳回,但SHDS商标却获得初步审定,可能因审查员不同或审查标准把握不一。锦江航运随即对SHDS提起复审,强调HDS已被驳回且为通用名称,SHDS与HDS高度近似,若注册将导致行业经营者面临巨大法律障碍和损失。商标评审委员会经审理认为,SHDS同样在航运业务中使用,意味着服务具有通用名称属性,不能区分服务来源,最终也驳回了SHDS注册申请。这体现了复审程序对关联商标审查一致性的纠正功能。第三段:实务中,企业遭遇类似情况时,应针对获准审定的关联商标及时申请复审,注意复审法定时限,并援引前案已认定的通用名称事实。复审理由需突出关联标志的近似程度及共同通用属性,说明注册会损害同业经营者利益。同时保留持续使用证据,以应对可能的行政诉讼。通过复审,可有效阻断抢注者利用关联标志变相垄断行业术语的可能。
以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn




